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6 Steps to Pass Cisco CCNA Certification Exams

CCNA is one of the most respected Associate level Certification in the world today.
Getting a CCNA will definitely help you to get a better job or at least get your foot into Professional Networking Field. When you meet a person that has CCNA degree you will notice that he or she knows something about Networking.
In the 70-291 exam resources, MCDBA Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Network Infrastructure, you will cover every field and category in helping to ready you for your successful Microsoft Certification.
In the sy0-101 exam resources, SECURITY+ CERTIFICATION EXAM, you will cover every field and category in helping to ready you for your successful CompTIA Certification.

1. Getting ready mentally:
First thing you need to do is mentally prepare your self. What I mean by that is that you have to seriously think about on why are you getting CCNA and why do you want to be CCNA certified. You have to firmly decide and believe that you will get CCNA within next 3-6 months or so.
Try to budget your study time well. If you a very social person (like me) you will have to give up some of your social time for the next couple of months.
Your friends and family will understand. Trust me: it is well worth it. Once you get that cert you can make up for the lost social time.
In the 70-647 exam resources, Pro:Windows Server 2008, Enterprise Administrator, you will cover every field and category in helping to ready you for your successful Microsoft Certification.
In the 642-901 exam resources, BSCI - Building Scaleable Cisco Internetworks, you will cover every field and category in helping to ready you for your successful Cisco Certification.

2. Getting the right study material:
Second thing you need to do is to get proper study material.
There is lot of controversy around this and some people go overboard with study guides, books, simulators and such.
I believe that two Cisco Press books INTR and ICND by Wendell Odom are enough as far as the books go. They are really well written and easy to follow. So sign up at http://www.ciscopress.com and get those two books. Make sure you got the latest version.You will also want to get some kind of a simulator that will let you practice commands and that will also build up your confidence.You can buy real equipment but that could get expensive. I highly recommend that you become member of Cisco Certification forum.
Forum is huge and you will get lot of helpful answers, tips and advices pretty quick. (I know I did)

3. Approach and diving deep:
There are many different approaches to studying from books but I will tell you about mine. This step will take the most of your studying time.
-Before you even start reading any of the books I suggest learning binary math (really easy) and subnetting so you can do it in your sleep.http//www.examsmarter.com is excellent resource. -read both books casually once from front to cover (make sure you cover introduction and practice questions too). This will give you good overview.
-Install both CD's that came with books and practices some of the questions. Don't worry if you get lot of them wrong.
In the n10-003 exam resources, Network+ Certification Exam, you will cover every field and category in helping to ready you for your successful CompTIA Certification.
-Now, you will ready both books again but this time you will have to read it to truly understand the concept and how things work. Master one chapter and do questions from just that chapter until you sick of it. Then move to the next chapter.
-Once you mastered all chapters do lot of questions and labexercises. Those two CD's will give you ability to do that.

4. Schedule the test:
You're not done yet with studying but it is really good to schedule the test after you completed step 3 in this article. Here is why:If you schedule the test a month in advance right after you completed step 3, you won't be able to slack and make excuses not to study hard until tests and it is also good to give your self a headline. I have seen people working on their CCNA for 2 years. They master one or two chapters, then they rest for 2 two months and right when they think they are ready for the next chapter, they forget what they have learned in the first chapter.

5. Read both books one more time to refresh.
This is optional, but I highly recommend reading the both books one more time. If you read both books in a three week that will give you one more week before the test to cram which is subject of the next step.
So by now you should've read both books three times over. I also suggest re-reading questions and answers from both books one more time.

6. Cram, Cram and Cram -This is the last part of your study and there is no turning back. Deadline is hanging around your neck like a noose. You should cram Q&A for no more then 10 days before you take the test.
At this point it is really important that you get fresh and different questions then those included with your CD's. Some people claims that brain dumps or Q&A are bad and evil. I tend to disagree with that. At this point you already firmly grasped the whole CCNA concept and Q&A will only help you. So get some Q&A exam question and cram, cram and cram them for a week.Don't use books or CD's anymore. There is no looking back. No worries, material from the books will return to you at the right time.

Causes and Treatment of Pink Eye
article source: ezinearticles.com

What is Pink Eye?
Pink eye, also known as conjunctivitis, is swelling and redness of the membranes (conjunctiva) on the inner parts of the eyelid and the eye surface. Pink eye is very common. It is usually not serious, and often goes away in a few days without medical treatment.

What Causes Pink Eye? Is It Contagious?
The leading cause of pink eye is a viral infection, which is highly contagious. Bacteria such as staphylococci, pneumococci, and streptococci cause bacterial pink eye, which is also very contagious. Non-contagious pink eye can result from allergies or exposure to chemical irritants. Rheumatic diseases, Kawasaki’s disease, and certain inflammatory bowel diseases can cause pinkeye. Additionally, dry eyes from lack of tears or exposure to wind and sun can cause pink eye, as can foreign bodies such as dirt or bugs.

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Symptoms of Pink Eye
- Viral conjunctivitis is often caused by an upper respiratory tract infection, and the cold-like symptoms that accompany such viral infections. Discharge is watery, rather than green or yellow.
- Bacterial conjunctivitis is often associated with eye pain, redness, tearing, irritation, and moderate to large amounts of discharge, usually yellowish or greenish in color.
- Allergic conjunctivitis symptoms usually include intense itching, tearing, and swelling of the eye membranes. Other typical allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itchy nose or scratchy throat may also be present.

Treatment Options for Common Pink Eye Infections

Viral Conjunctiva Treatment
Although most viral pink eye will not require antibiotic treatment, sufferers should still see their doctor. This type of pinkeye can be associated with infection of the cornea, which requires early detection and treatment. Symptoms of viral pinkeye can be relieved with cool compresses and artificial tears. In extreme cases, topical steroid drops may be prescribed to reduce discomfort.

Bacterial Conjunctiva Treatment
Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are generally prescribed for bacterial pinkeye. Moderate to large amounts of discharge accumulates during sleep, resulting in the sensation of the eyes being “stuck shut” upon awakening. Applying a damp, warm wash cloth to the eyes, being careful to use a different washcloth for each eye, will remove the discharge.

Allergic Conjunctiva Treatment
Over-the-counter decongestant eye drops can relieve seasonally occurring allergic pinkeye. Cold, moist wash cloths can also be applied to the eyes. Again, care should be taken to use a different cloth for each eye. In extreme cases, a prescription may be necessary.

Tips for Administering Eye Drops to Young Children
Rather than frightening a child by forcing the eye open while the bottle or dropper is plainly visible, try this: ask the child to lie back and close his or her eyes. Place the recommended number of drops in the inner corner of the eye, next to the bridge of the nose. The drops will form a little pool and when the child’s eyes open, the drops will flow gently into the infected areas without a fuss.

Considering Lasik Surgery? Lasik Eye Surgery Can Improve Your Sight
article source: ezinearticles.com

Lasik Surgery is a surgery that is performed by Ophthalmologists. It is often painless and quick. The good thing is that the patient can go back to work with immediate effect after the Lasik Surgery is performed, sometimes as early as the next day. The ability of the surgeon combined with the high-level technology that is required for the surgery is what ensures that the operation is successfully performed and completed.

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Many patients prefer Lasik Surgery and think that they would rather undergo a Lasik Surgery than wear glasses or contact lenses. The Lasik Surgery takes a pretty short time because of the uniqueness of the surgery. The surgery never takes more than eight to ten minutes. Since Lasik Surgery is Laser Surgery, it involves the burning of tissues. The laser gets to the tissue by burning the stroma and it does not take long for the eye to “recover” because unlike other surgeries, here the tissue is not “hurt” in any way.

Lasik Surgery is a quick procedure, it only takes about an hour– but patients are asked to take rest for longer. One must avoid the urge to scratch the eye during this time. The patient may have the propensity to do so because the eye is exceedingly irritable at this juncture. The patient must avoid plunging into swimming pools and other water sports that he/she might be interested in for a month. Dry eyes and Halo may be caused because of this process.

When you compare the Lasik Surgery to other kinds of surgeries, you understand that it is free from most of the trouble that most other surgeries cause. Still, it is advisable to take all the precautions that are necessary to avoid any infection or complications later on. The patient must not use any lotions or any make-up for about two days after the surgery as that might hamper the patient’s speed of recovery. Also, sports like Karate, Kick Boxing, and Taekwondo should be played only after complete recovery.

For a laser Eye surgery, one must choose his/her doctor very carefully. For a sensitive operation like this, it is very important to realize that one’s eye is one’s asset and one cannot afford to take any chances. While some doctors may perform the surgery at a cheaper cost, it is always better to go with a doctor who has experience and who has performed these surgeries successfully before.

Who benefits from a Lasik Surgery?
Anyone with poor eyesight benefits from Lasik Surgery. Since this is a refractive laser eye surgery, ophthalmologists use it to cure myopia, astigmatism, and hypermetropia. However, if not performed carefully the patient can suffer from substantial loss of contrast sensitivity.
The decision for a Lasik Surgery should be taken after consulting one’s doctor. After all, this is a risk of sorts and comes with its fair share of side effects. If none of the doctors you know have ever done Lasik Surgery (and this is possible because it is a fairly new kind of surgery), then it is best to go to a large and reputed clinic before you decide to go in for a Lasik Surgery.

In 2006, a study was done that concluded that contact wearers are at a greater risk for infection than individuals who have had Lasik eye surgery

Eye Problems in Children

Each Child is important to an individual family. It is but natural that parents become anxious if there is any problem to any of the organs of the child. As the eyes are important and very precious, they would be concerned if their daughter or son has eye problems and to buy discount eyeglasses cheap eyeglasses or other eyeglasses online.

There are many eye problems that are commonly found in children. The major problem is the refractive error, the common mode of presentation is that the child is not able to see the distant objects usually seen in the school where the child fails to see clearly the letters written by the teacher on the blackboard. Most of the time the child holds the book very close to the eyes while reading. And also child watches TV with reading eyeglasses and Computers from a very close distance.
The other problems are – Vitamin A deficiency, Squint eyes and Retinoblastoma (Eye Cancer).

Refractive Errors:
There are mainly three types of refractive errors. Myopia, Hypermetropia and Astigmatism.

Myopia : This is the most common refractive error found in children. Usually it is detected when the child is having problem in seeing distant objects. Occasionally the child may have a slight pain in the eyes after reading for many hours. The light rays are focused in front of the retina in myopia with the result that the objects appear hazy.( If we have to see a clear object it has to be focused on the retina.) Sometimes it has a strong family history. The eye has to be properly examined by a competent Ophthalmologist (not by an Optometrist) and suitable glasses prescribed at the earliest. Regular follow - up is also a must in these children.
Astigmatism is another refractive error seen in children not as frequently as Myopia. Hypermetropia where the child has + numbers in glass, is comparatively less in frequency. Suitable eyeglasses correct both these refractive errors.

Vitamin A Deficiency:
Vitamin A Deficiency is demonstrated in school going children. Usually children in the age group of 6-12 years complain of night blindness. In other words those children have inability in seeing objects clearly in dim light. Sometimes small pigmented patches are seen by the side of the cornea. These are called Bitot’s spots. At this stage the child has lot of watering in the eyes.

A substance called visual purple has to be created in the retina to visualize objects clearly in the dim light. Vitamin A is necessary to create this object. When there is deficiency of Vitamin A in the diet, child gets night blindness. Sometimes some skin problems are associated along with eye problems.
Vitamin A deficiency is treated by giving capsules of Vit.A 2500-5000 IU or 750 mg of beta-carotene. In severe cases injections may be needed. Green leafy vegetables, carrots, milk, curd, butter, egg, liver etc., have rich contents of Vitamin A.

Squint Eyes : The two eyes normally should be in a definite visual axis. A manifest deviation of the visual axis of either eye is known as squint or strabismus. Mainly there are two types of squints – Paralytic and Non-paralytic or Concomitant. Concomitant is the one which is mostly seen in children. Concomitant deviations are for the most part, produced by anomalies of the power of convergence and divergence and the co-ordinated use of the two eyes to obtain binocular single vision. In these cases the amount and character of the deviation does not vary when the eyes are turned to the right or left.

The other classification of squint is – Convergent and Divergent. Convergent squint is the one in which one of the eye is turned inside, whereas in divergent squint one of the eye is turned outside.

Each child with squint has to be properly investigated before undertaking treatment. The common methods of treatment are – 1) Correcting the refractive errors by glasses whenever that is found to be the cause of the squint. 2) Deliberate occlusion or patching of the fixing eye so as to improve the vision of the squinting eye. 3) Suggesting special type of ( Orthoptic) exercises to improve the binocular faculties. 4) By surgery to restore parallelism of the visual axis. One or more of these methods or all four may be needed.

Retinoblastoma: It is the cancer or malignant tumor of the eye , usually seen in children below 5 years. It may be seen at birth or later. This disease not only affects the vision, but also life itself if it is not diagnosed and treated properly at an appropriate time. It may be seen in one eye or both.
Usually the child is brought to the eye specialist with the complaint that something white or yellow material is seen in the eye. If one eye is swollen enormously, it is understood that the disease is advanced. Treatment is usually removal of the eyeball as soon as the disease is diagnosed and the cut portion sent for biopsy. After the removal of the eyeball, if there are any signs of the disease,

Radiotherapy is advised. At this stage the other eye is examined and if any traces are found it is also subjected to radiotherapy. In the advanced stage of the disease, it is mandatory to treat with chemotherapy.
Apart from these eye injuries, congenital cataract and glaucoma are the other diseases of children. Parents and teachers have great responsibility in the proper management of the eye diseases

Children’s Eyeglasses and the Six Musts to Buying Them
article source: ezinearticles.com

Many parents dread walking into an optical store in search of buying a pair of eyeglasses for their children. Not only is it a pain at time but it also can be a little confusing. There are so many children’s eye glass frames to choose from that even finding a starting point is difficult, but that’s only of the problems. What about deciding which ones your child would actually enjoy wearing or what frame will last longer than a few days?

Another problem us children’s eye glasses come in so many different styles and kid-friendly colors anymore. My answer to this is to let your child choose a few they like and then use those few as a base to make your selection. Let’s face it, the more they the pair of glasses they have, then the more likely it is that they will wear them.

Try asking your eye doctor to give you some specific recommendations about finding eyeglasses frames. The decision doesn’t need to be yours and yours alone. To help you out in deciding what to look for in a pair of eyeglasses, here are five rules to follow in your search:

* Scratch-resistant coating - The normal polycarbonate lenses that most people get their glasses made from contain a resistant coating already, but it is a good idea to upgrade to the heavy duty scratch-resistant coating for your kid’s glasses eyewear. This extra tough coating gives an even stronger resistance to possible scratching. Another plus with this type of coatings is the better warranty it comes with. Just be aware that no lenses are scratch proof especially when kids are involved.
* Spring hinges - The idea behind spring hinges is the flexibility they give the frame to bend outward when your child is putting on or taking off their glasses. Most kids just yank them right off their face instead of slowly with two hands. Actually most kid’s glasses break from this.
* Silicone nose pads - We’ve all seen these pads. They are what keep your glasses from falling down your face. The ones made from silicone are great for children because they tend to be soft and much more comfortable.
* Tinting - Most eye doctors do not recommend to buy glasses like tinting children’s glasses because it can be harmful to their eyes. Instead, look into photo-chromatic lenses as an alternative. These will automatically darken outside in the sunlight while lightening up as they come back into less lighted areas such as indoors. If these lenses are too expensive, another alternative is to just purchase a pair of clip-on tinted lenses attached to the frame.
* Warranties - Warranties for glasses usually vary from place to place especially when it comes to children’s glasses. You are in good shape if you can fine a warranty on a frame that runs for at least one year after the date of purchase. Anything longer than that is unneeded since the child will just outgrow the lenses or the frames.